{"id":138452,"date":"2025-06-10T12:35:40","date_gmt":"2025-06-10T10:35:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.esteri.it\/sala_stampa\/archivionotizie\/\/2025\/06\/banbhore-daybul-lultima-fase-di-popolamento-stabile-del-sito-xi-xii-sec-ad\/"},"modified":"2025-06-10T12:38:18","modified_gmt":"2025-06-10T10:38:18","slug":"banbhore-daybul-lultima-fase-di-popolamento-stabile-del-sito-xi-xii-sec-ad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.esteri.it\/en\/sala_stampa\/archivionotizie\/diplomazia-culturale\/2025\/06\/banbhore-daybul-lultima-fase-di-popolamento-stabile-del-sito-xi-xii-sec-ad\/","title":{"rendered":"Banbhore\/Daybul. The Last Phase of the Site\u2019s Stable Peopling (11th-12th Century CE)"},"content":{"rendered":"

A New Urban and Architectonic Plan <\/strong><\/p>\n

By the first decade of the 11th Century, Oghuz tribes came down from Transoxiana laying waste the superb Arab Emirate of Mansura, taking into slavery young boys and women to be sold on Bukhara\u2019s market. Mansura\u2019s harbour, Daybul, was also attacked and plundered. Textual sources are silent on the following decades. Archaeological excavations of the Catholic University of Milan have brought to light in the site\u2019s central-western portion (2019-2024) architectonic relics of imposing buildings along two main North-South\/East-West road-axes and their structural re-construction for a different usage, pointing to a drastic reorganisation of the citadel.<\/p>\n

A New Age of Cultural Renaissance…and a New Rulership? Archaeological, Architectonic and Archaeometric Data Integrate Textual Sources<\/strong><\/p>\n

While archaeological excavations at Mansura (Dr N. Khan) have put the word \u201cEnd\u201d to the splendour of the Emirate\u2019s capital-city, the Italian excavations at Banbhore complement F.A. Khan\u2019s diggings in the North-Eastern portion of this harbour-town (1958-1964 c.) and point to a new phase of stable peopling on the ruins of the Past. Here, Khan unearthed palatial constructions, elegant pottery, precious objects. In the citadel\u2019s central-western portion, the Italians are bringing to light an amazing workshop of luxury goods: ivory workshops (Building 1 and Building 2), glass and ceramics (Trench 9), metallurgy (Building 4) and others.<\/p>\n

A new quarter surrounded by ancient restored walls, whose narrow access-gates allowed to levy the proper duties on visitors and merchants there converging to bargain and buy. Outside, at the foot of the citadel\u2019s north-western bastions, acres of ruins, workshops (plaster, T13) and others are visible and under study.<\/p>\n

Striking Similarities with Mansura and Multan Markets <\/strong><\/p>\n

The similarity of Daybul\u2019s new plan with what minutely described by travelogues of the 10th Century about Mansura and Multan markets and workshops, induces to think that their rulers (and their skilled craftsmen) somehow managed to escape the Oghuz hordes, seeking refuge in the islands at the Indus\u2019 mouth, a hostile liquid habitat feared by nomads. Then, they found a new shelter within Daybul\u2019s walls.<\/p>\n

And at Daybul, within its Imposing Bastions, this Rulership Recreated the Citadel\u2019s Plan and, with it, its Fortunes and International Network of Trades and Cultural Relationships<\/strong><\/p>\n

Banbhore\u2019s pottery is a precious marker of this epoch\u2019s wide range of imports, exports and cultural exchanges. It also suggests dates, complementing textual evidence. Other significant pointers are glass fragments, ivory working and metallurgical skills, which enhance the rulership\u2019s political, administrative and economic ability.<\/p>\n

Under Seljuk military patronage (1050-1170 c.), the ancient relationships\u2019 network with Iraq, Yemen and eastern coasts of Africa was revived through agreements and marriage allegiances. The land-route to Shiraz via Makran-Yazd-Istakhr was reactivated. Agreements and matrimonial alliances between Chaghri Beg the Seljuk and Oghuz and Qarakhanid confederations revived prosperous transit-trades with China and Central-Asian Principates.<\/p>\n

This new apex lasted until the sixties of the twelfth century, when Sultan Sanjar shattered the understandings with Oghuz and Qarakhanids. They took their revenge invading and devastating the Indo-Iranian lands to the sea. Which signed Daybul\u2019s gradual abandonment and end.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"A New Urban and Architectonic Plan By the first decade of the 11th Century, Oghuz tribes came down from Transoxiana laying waste the superb Arab Emirate of Mansura, taking into slavery young boys and women to be sold on Bukhara\u2019s market. Mansura\u2019s harbour, Daybul, was also attacked and plundered. Textual sources are silent on the […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":138446,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[418],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-138452","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-diplomazia-culturale"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.esteri.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/138452","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.esteri.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.esteri.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.esteri.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.esteri.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=138452"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.esteri.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/138452\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":138453,"href":"https:\/\/www.esteri.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/138452\/revisions\/138453"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.esteri.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/138446"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.esteri.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=138452"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.esteri.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=138452"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.esteri.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=138452"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}